Assessment of Saudi Aramco from CSR and Business Ethics Perspective

Question: Talk about the Assessment of Saudi Aramco from CSR and Business Ethics Perspective. Answer: Presentation The motivation behind this report is to assess Saudi Aramco Company from the viewpoints of the business morals and corporate social duty utilizing calculated methodologies. As the association presently works in the oil and gaseous petrol industry along these lines the business activity of the association is answerable for different sufferings of the normal people and natural misbalance (Al-Tawfiq et al. 2014). In this manner the administration of the association takes different activities to keep up appropriate business morals and enthusiastically contributes a ton for social and ecological causes that makes the association one of the main associations who contributes and takes activities with respect to these issues (Brammer and Pavelin 2016). In this report itemized data in regards to business morals and social duty of the associations are shared alongside a proposal area for the business associations working in oil industry. Saudi Aramco is a Saudi Arabian oil organization that is broadly known as Aramco is an association that works in the business of oil and petroleum gas. The business partnerships net market esteem is approximated between 3 trillion to 10 trillion US dollars that makes it the most important business association (Abro, Khurshid and Aamir 2016). The business organization right now possesses the second biggest save of raw petroleum and positions second in day by day creation of oil. The oil business falls under the point of convergence of the considerable number of discussions viewing supportability as it is the central hotspot for the greater part segment of the vitality that the total populace expends. It very well may be said that the use of oil is hugely asset and vitality escalated and notwithstanding that, it prompts significant outflows. The worldwide media frequently presents reports with respect to insufficiency of the business morals and the exposure of such dishonest practices can summon noteworthy moral issues and can add to the c oming of vital mindfulness in this unique situation (Gideon Jojo and Baffour Awuah 2017). This report features the connection between the corporate social obligations, the firm worth and the moral conduct in the business of oil and petroleum gas. Applied Approaches The moral conduct alongside the social obligation of the picked oil and Gas Company are conceptualized by a progression of social and moral records to watch and speak to those ideas (Berkowitz, Bucheli and Dumez 2017). This specific investigation centers around the information base of the hypotheses of business morals and corporate social duty build introducing experimental proof to see if CSR alongside different norms are connected with the firm estimation of Aramco that works in the business of oil and petroleum gas. The oil and gas industry is a hugely extended and expanded industry that gathers income more than 2.5 trillion US dollars every year. This specific report centers around the connection between Saudi Aramco companys business morals and corporate social duties. Business Ethics The business morals have become a significant issue for all the business associations these days and not just for the oil and flammable gas industry (Crane and Matten 2016). It very well may be seen that the expanding natural execution can be considered as a standard for the business associations working in a wide range of enterprises and not just for the oil business. In an as of late organized shaft of just about 4000 individuals from over the realm of Saudi Arabia introduced the way that approaching 85% of them would want to buy items from the business companies that are similarly socially disapproved (Jamali et al. 2017). 90% of the people who took part in the shaft expressed that they expect associations like Aramco should utilize the assets they need to tackle different social issues like destitution, medical problems and joblessness (Kolk 2016). It is seen that the business associations working in Saudi Arabia some of the time demonstrate hesitance to convey their deeds that a re acceptable as they feel that a few people may see that like the associations are misusing the foundations. In such manner, it must be referenced that as long as the business associations gifts give assistance to the general public, these associations will be protected from any kinds of analysis and will likewise have an amazing support for keeping up all the more enduring and positive relationship with all the partners. It very well may be said that Immanuel Kants technique for deontological morals is one of the best way to deal with moral thinking (Hill et al. 2015). Kants expert on the moral hypotheses I so noteworthy that a portion of the creators allude hypothesis of deontology as Kantianism. This specific methodology of Kant reveals insight into all inclusive guidelines to decide right activities and on the job. Kant expressed that positive attitude and making a move from the cooperative attitude is the most significant thing these days. It is beneficial to make reference to that Kant said that the fundamental guideline of morals is absolute objective (Idemudia 2017). Kants investigation shows three details and those are referenced underneath; Mankind ought to be treated in an individual as an end and never only as a methods. The people should follow up on the laws that help the natures all inclusive laws. An individual should go about as though the person is an individual from a perfect realm where the individual can be contrasted and both the sovereign and the subjects. As indicated by Kant an activities aims as opposed to the outcomes makes the activity great. Hence the moral individual is the man who can act having right expectations. Without having through and through freedom nobody can act along these lines. Utilitarianism is a moral hypothesis that is consequentialist; as it expresses that rightness of a demonstration can be resolved exclusively by the results of that specific demonstration and not by the demonstrations highlights (Berkowitz, Bucheli and Dumez 2017). Hypothesis of Utilitarianism uncovers that a particular activity would be correct just in the event that it can advance bliss and the activity would be viewed as off-base on the off chance that it conjures opposite of joy. In this way it very well may be said that the idea of utilitarianism is that the people should take activities to get the outcomes which are best for a specific circumstance (Kirat 2015). It is seen that the greatest contention here of business morals is the set standard of corporate commitments towards the general public. In such manner it very well may be said that the business chiefs don't have the commitments towards the general public where they are working their business past the commitment of them towards the partners of their associations as that would require causing benefits in the event that they to comply with the set laws in regards to this issue. In an economy with free market, the corporate administrators are the laborers of the business associations where they have the duty to answer to their bosses (Crane and Matten 2016). Along these lines it very well may be said that it ought to be the obligation of them to go about as the operators of the associations and help to maintain the business as indicated by the desire of the businesses. In this setting it is obvious that when these officials go through a specific measure of cash as a type of noble cause, they go through cash of others or cash of their managers and this demonst ration surely decreases the money related returns of the partners (Hill et al. 2015). The term social obligation incorporates acknowledgment of a view that is commonly communist with political system. It is the political system and not advertise instrument which is correct procedure to decide dissemination of constrained assets to different employments. In his famous hypothesis of partners, Freeman expressed that powerful corporate administration needs thought to the interests exceedingly significant partners and others (Memish et al. 2014). A smaller definition uncovers just about the gatherings which are significant for the food of a business association, and then again an expansive definition reveals that any gatherings that is effective or gets influenced by the business enterprise. As per the hypothesis of partners, it is seen that a business associations financial achievement can be accomplished by giving the interests of the partners thought and furthermore by receiving the s trategies of the association that creates the most ideal parity among those. Every single business association needs to tolerate a moral duty to the entirety of its electorates, for example, the workforce, customers, providers, investors or more all the network. The business partnership impacts each electorate and furthermore gets influenced by those. Each electorate in this way turns into a partner of the association, and out of them each consequently has an exact assumption about how much the administration of the association will do that and how (Crane and Matten 2016). The moral duty of a business association creates structure the desire that it will clearly be a productive member of society and will pay the portion of expenses and alongside that an energy to maintain the tasks of the business so that it diminishes the negative effect on the earth (Panwar et al. 2014). Understanding Corporate Social obligation Corporate social obligation this term really alludes to different things the business associations proceed as their push to explore the whirling flows of desires that are changing and the desires that never lingered greater in the day by day lives of the associations that incorporates the organizations that works in the oil and flammable gas industry. These days the term CSR has gotten more mainstream than any time in recent memory. It very well may be said that CSR alludes to the activity of the business companies that they proceed as they have a commitment towards the outside partners (Akturan 2016). The word obligation in such manner shows the obligation of the associations towards the comm

Company Diversification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Organization Diversification - Essay Example  The undertaking that the corporate chiefs choose ought to be that can pick up from the assets of the broadened organization. The administration can likewise put resources into making manageable serious techniques by creating chain associations with different organizations in the business (Daft, et al, 2010). This will empower the organization to appreciate from economies of chain connections. Correspondingly, the organization ought to likewise organize on the expansion chances accessible in the business. One of the systems that the associations can take to differentiate is through securing. This will assist the organization with entering the market speedier than other. It might choose to utilize inner startup or through a joint venture.Factors to consider for the expansion of the companyOne of the elements that the corporate administrators ought to ask themselves is whether they comprehend the bit of leeway serious quality of cross-business system. This will assist them with fatho ming how extraordinary key fits work in an organization. Moreover, it will assist the organization with doing quality, shortcoming, opportunity and danger examination of the business. The group director ought to likewise ask themselves whether the association is sufficiently able to take full part in the gathering adventure. Additionally, the directors ought to likewise inspect themselves whether they can stand to adapt to the methodologies that will from that point be set up. The supervisory group likewise needs to organize enhancement openings that are accessible in the business (Daft, et al, 2010).

What is an Overdraft Line of Credit

What is an Overdraft Line of Credit What is an Overdraft Line of Credit? What is an Overdraft Line of Credit?Dont let overdrafts happen to you.Getting charged money for not having money doesn’t seem particularly fair, and yet it happens all the time. Normally this occurs in less straightforward ways, like how having more money allows you to buy durable goods, whereas if you can only afford cheaper goods, you have to continuously pay to replace them.But it can also happen directly. For example, in the form of overdraft fees that you have to pay if you withdraw from your account when there is no longer any money in it. If you’re unaware you have overdrawn your account, you might even face multiple overdraft fees in a row.Thankfully, there are protections available to help salvage your overdrawn bank account. One of those protections is an overdraft line of credit.What is an overdraft line of credit?An overdraft line of credit is similar to a credit card or revolving line of credit, however you may not necessarily be able to use it repeatedly and it’s only accessed when you overdraft your account.“An overdraft line of credit is a loan attached to your account for protection from overspending,” explained Jared Weitz (@jaredweitz), CEO and founder of United Capital Source Inc. “If you overdraw and run out of funds in your checking account, the line of credit can cover expenses to ensure you don’t bounce checks or have a declined card transaction. Overdraft lines of credit are traditionally less expensive than an overdraft fee; however, there are other options you can pursue to protect yourself from overdrawing on your checking account.”But having an overdraft line of credit doesn’t mean you can totally disregard your current bank total.“If you rely too heavily on the overdraft line of credit, over time your bank will begin to view this activity as high risk and may cut off this addition,” Weitz warned. “You also need to keep in mind that any money you borrow through the overdraft line of credit will have interest, so you need to pay it back immediately to avoid any substantial added cost.”How to get an overdraft line of creditSo if this overdraft line of credit business sounds appealing, you may be wondering how you can go about getting one. Well, first you have to have a bank accountâ€"and the specifics may somewhat vary depending on which bank houses your account. Additionally, as with any loan, there are certain standards experts say you have to meet:“Each bank has different requirements to qualify for an overdraft line of credit,” Weitz said, “but typically you need to have all accounts in good standing without any past-due loan payments or account restrictions.”Additionally, said Michelle Beal, operations manager for Central Bank Utah (@centralbankut), “Since the overdraft line of credit is a small loan, customers have to complete a credit application.”What happens if I’m approved for a line of credit?If approved for an overdraft line of credit, Beal said, a certain amou nt of money will become available to the customer. “The overdraft line of credit is tied to their checking account statement so they have a monthly history,” she explained. “If funds are advanced, they will have a certain percentage of the outstanding balance or a minimum fixed amount due each month. They can either make a payment or let the system automatically debit it on the due date.”Now let’s answer the most important question of all.Is it a good idea to apply for an overdraft line of credit?“Personally, as someone who has every dollar in savings or paying off debt, this is a great resource so you dont have to worry about having a ‘checking account cushion,’ said Josh Hastings, founder of Money Life Wax (@moneylifewax). In fact, he actually uses an overdraft line of credit himself. “The line of credit is similar to a credit card in that the amount that is on the line gets assessed an interest rate,” he said. “However, in many cases, the amount is minimal c ompared to interest on a credit card.”That’s a pretty strong recommendation! But what’s that you say? You want another?“I think it’s a great idea to get an overdraft line of credit, and it’s really easy to obtain,” Beal said. “It doesn’t cost you anything and if you don’t ever have to advance on it, you never have anything to pay back. Like insurance, it’s nice having the security of knowing that if you miscalculate your funds, you are covered. Plus the applicant can apply for whatever limit they desire.”However, it’s important to remember the approved limit will depend on your income and credit history. “As with any loan, applicants can improve their odds of being approved by having good credit or cleaning up bad credit,” Beal said. “Honestly, I’ve seen overdraft lines of credit approved for only US$100 on some customers with questionable credit.”If you can qualify for it, an overdraft line of credit seems like a pretty reasonable choice to pursu e. If you don’t quality, here are several other tips you may want to try to help save you from banking fees. Better safe than sorry, after all.Are budgeting woes hurting your bank account balance? Here are several resources that can help:  7 Ways to Avoid Overdraft FeesHow Do Overdraft Fees Stack up to Bad Credit Loans?So You Got Hit With an Overdraft Fee? Now What?5 Alternatives to an Expensive Overdraft Fee  |  InstagramContributorsMichelle Beal is the Office Operations Manager at Central Bank Utah. She has worked in banking for more than 30 years in positions such as teller, customer service representative, training director, and office operations manager. She graduated from Brigham Young University and enjoys being outdoors, scuba diving, and reading mystery novels.Josh Hastings  is a former high school athletic director at the secondary level who shifted his focus in 2016 to focus more effort on his entrepreneur endeavors. In 2017 he founded  MoneyLifeWax.com  (@moneylifewax ), a personal finance site dedicated to helping millennials with student loans. With an emphasis on money and finance behavior, Josh started Money Life Wax  to help millennials realize there are other ways to make money and be happy in the 21st century.Jared Weitz  (@jaredweitz)  has been in the financial services industry for over 10 years. Due to his extensive work experience and deep network of close financial relationships, he handles a multitude of different finance options for his clients and contacts. Over the years, he has held positions in some of the largest business financing companies in the U.S. Some of his roles have been: underwriter, director of business development, managing partner and currently, CEO of  United Capital Source, LLC.

Analysis Of The Journey By Mary Oliver - 1098 Words

Mary Oliver, who was acknowledged by the New York Times as â€Å"far and away, this country’s best selling poet,† was born on September 10, 1935 in Maple Heights, Ohio. At age fourteen, she started writing poetry about the lush woods surrounding her childhood home. Later on, she drew inspiration from Edna St. Vincent Millay, a poet and feminist, whose house she stayed at in New York. While she was there, she met her lifelong partner, Molly Malone Cook. In the 1960s, she and Molly relocated to Provincetown, Massachusetts. Influenced by transcendentalists like Whitman and Thoreau, she is well known for her themes of the natural world. However, while her earliest poems solely focus on nature, she evolved to become more personal and spiritual by†¦show more content†¦The speaker then leaves the voices behind, ignoring the â€Å"melancholy.† This is tragic but realistic as life is filled with problems, making it futile to try and help everyone who asks. The s econd stanza marks the beginning of the speaker’s journey. The beginning line, â€Å"it was already late enough,† means the speaker wishes that they had decided to lead their desired life sooner. â€Å"The road full of fallen branches and stones† signify hardships one faces while on the path to personal growth, proving that life presents challenges along the way that must be overcome. Line 21 marks a tonal shift in the poem in which the speaker gradually finds their â€Å"voice† or individuality after years of following the crowd. Imagery like â€Å"the stars began to burn through the sheets of clouds† once again ties in nature and connects stars to hope. Oliver uses an anaphora for the last four lines, to emphasize that the only life one can save is their own. Her use of the word â€Å"you† instead of â€Å"I† interestingly connects the speaker to the reader, spreading the message to live authentically and for oneself. 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Self-discoveries play a fundamental role in the development of becoming an individual as it can lead us to transformative experiences through the exposure of new perspectives. In â€Å"The Journey†, the symbolism of her discoveries outside begin with nature where, â€Å"the stars began to burn/through the sheets of clouds†Read MoreAnalysis Of The Journey By Mary Oliver747 Words   |  3 Pages but we must remember that no one is alone when darkness approaches, even if their light is almost completely lost. There will always be people out there to inspire, and to shine the light where we fail to see. In a poem named The Journey, the talented poet Mary Oliver shares her battle to keep her sky shining. I am going to talk about my favorite aspects of her phenomenal poem. 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The Government During the Age of Absolutism and the...

During the Age of Absolutism, views of how government should have been run were drastically different that the views of Enlightenment thinkers. The fundamental difference between these two views of government – absolutism and Enlightenment – was that, in an absolute view of government, it stated that it should be run by a monarch – such as a king or a queen – and that he or she should have complete and unquestionable authority over everything, whereas the Enlightenment resulted in the development of new ideas, many of which criticized absolute monarchies, such as the idea that the fundamental function of government was to protect its peoples rights. The Enlightenment thinkers all had different ideas, and all to varying degrees, but the†¦show more content†¦This was the exact opposite of the absolutist view of government, which said that the king was the ultimate power and that his people had to serve him. Here, Lock was saying that the people were the ultimate power and that the government had to serve them. Locke then goes on to reject absolutism and says that the best form of government would be one with limited power that was accepted by all its citizens. In other words, it would be republicanism. Jean-Jacques Rousseau, possibly the most controversial thinker, also believed that people were naturally innocent at birth. He thought that people became corrupted once they were exposed to society, and they needed to subordinate to the community. However, Rousseau also felt that the control of government and society should also be kept minimal. Like Locke, Rousseau also thought people shouldnt give their rights to a king, but unlike him, Rousseau thought that they should instead give them to the community. However, this still differs from the absolutist view, which stated that the ruler had the ultimate power and that people had no rights and had to succumb to him. Baron de Montesquieu, a early French philosophe, rejected absolutism in favor of Britains limited monarchy. He admired the British in that they protected themselves from tyranny by dividing themselves into three branches. He felt that separation of powers and checks andShow MoreRelatedEssay On The Enlightenment1203 Words   |  5 PagesThe Enlightenment The Enlightenment was a time of great reform in ideas and knowledge. It was such an important part of history, that it took many people and many years to fully bring it into play. This time in life was all about change, such as the education of women, the separation of science and church, and the freedom to learn without government censorship. Someone people were on board with the movement, but others fought against the great ideals of Enlightenment. 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Some philosophers began to analyze the ideas of their civilizations in depth toward the end of this time period as it led into the Age of Enlightenment. One of these philosophers was Thomas Hobbes. He had quite a few accomplishments during his lifetime including writing many books and supporting the popular belief that

Technology in Schools Essay Free Essays

While some may argue that technology can decrease the engagement of the students and â€Å"may seriously mess up children’s informational metabolism† (Source C), if used in the right environment and context, technology can, in fact, engage students even more. When used in an educational way, a laptop or tablet can be exactly what a student needs to get their undivided attention. Kids already live in a day and age where the internet and its mountains of information are available at the touch of a finger. We will write a custom essay sample on Technology in Schools Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now When they go to school and are forced to use traditional dictionaries and encyclopedias, it’s like being reinserted back to the Stone Age. Why not build 2 that Empire High School in Arizona is making â€Å"the laptops the key ingredient of the cake†. By adjusting school to the student’s needs, you can make them more engaged. Some critics of this technology claim that the internet is a scary place that â€Å"it’s also full of lies, garbage, and pornography so revolting you can’t even describe. † (Source E). Haven’t you ever heard of web filters? Apparently not. However, despite their doubts, there are many ways to ensure that the students are kept on track and stay away from these oh-so Cary websites. Besides, its not like this is a new problem; most schools have computers readily available for their students to use and have already solved this problem through previously stated methods. At this point there’s no arguing that technology would only serve to increase the engagement Of the students in the classroom, not hinder it. Another aspect to consider is whether or not the technology will increase the ease of learning in the classroom. By allowing students to access the internet to communicate with the teacher and other students, you make the learning process easier. Many schools are allowing students to post assignments online â€Å"so other students can easily read and critique them† (Source B). In a way, switching to technology is like switching to a different tool. Let’s say a farmer plants crops using the same tools his family has used for generations. When a new cheaper and more efficient tool comes out it would be irrational for the farmer to continue using his old tools for the sake of tradition. By switching to technology we are changing a task that was once done using pencil and paper, but â€Å"today belongs to the zeroes and ones† source D). Despite the facts, some people are still skeptical and question if this new technology will affect the children’s ability to learn. Writer Esther Tyson asks if the children â€Å"will†¦ Be able to discern cause and effect, put together a coherent story line, think scientifically, [or] read a book with a single 3 argument rather than a set of essays? † (Source C). This argument is falsified due to the fact that a child’s ability to learn isn’t solely dependent On the tools they use to do so. This same situation occurred years ago when schools Egan to first put computers into the classrooms and libraries of schools. These new computers would not be able to determine whether or not one student is better than another. If a student is smart and a hard worker, the different technologies they use to do their work won’t change those characteristics about them; it will only allow them to do what they do faster. While some cases might deter the learning process, its obvious that when considering the simplicity of learning in the classroom, technology is the way to go. The last thing to consider when switching to technology is how it will affect he relationship between the teacher and the student. By becoming more technologically capable, the teacher is able to bridge the generation gap that once separated the old and the new. For many years there has been a struggle for teachers to feel on the same level as their students and be able to understand what they need in order to learn. With technology, they can become closer to their students and perhaps be able to bond with those that once thought of their teachers as nothing more than strangers. Also, it allows students and teachers to communicate outside the classroom through arums and blobs so that the student can get extra help and the teacher can understand what they need to work on. Through this process, â€Å"the educators are beginning to interact with students, parents, and each other in ways they never have before. † (Source B). Through technology, we can better connect students and teachers to make learning more enjoyable. As time goes on the technology that humans develop seems to get crazier and crazier. With motion sensing and AD devices, its almost unbelievable that our generation will live to see these things established. How to cite Technology in Schools Essay, Essays

Structured Analysis of Operations Management †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Structured Analysis of Operations Management. Answer: Introduction Operation management is essentially an integral part of each business organizations. It incorporates the entire flow of work and all the departments like planning, processing, organizing and supervising (Parisio, Rikos Glielmo 2016, pp. 24-27). A stable and sound operation management reflects a flourished organization that embarks upon the facets like higher profitability, good market share and brand equity. Operation management apart from planning and processing is also responsible for implementing necessary changes within an organization so that the marginal profit of the organization is increased. Upgrading equipments: Operation managers are responsible to analyze and evaluate the core functions in an organization. At the same time, the operation managers are also responsible to examine the equipments that can be used in the organizational context to increase the workflow. Communication Coordination: Operation managers look into communication process in an organization. The better communication is structured, the better is the production of an organization. Communication plays a key role in the production of any organization. Similarly, miscommunication at the same time can hamper an organizations production and sales. At times, it can even harm the profits and revenue of a company. While at a time it speeds up the pace of work, at other time communication is also responsible for gross failure. Thus, it is a business tool that is handled with care by the operation managers (Gopee Galloway 2017). Revenue generation: The operation management does Bills, payments and the intake of cash. The motto of the operation management in this context is to keep hard cash so that that can be used in need. Training: This is another important practice done by operation management. Operation managers coordinates with the human resource department to figure out innovative processes through which the employees of the organization can be trained. Thus making the employees more focused towards the organizational goals (Dobrzykowski et al., 2014 pp.201-214). Operation management and its impact on work process: Operation management is NHS is highly organized and the same is reflected in its work process. The responsibility of operation management in work process can be discussed under the following heads: Handling patient flow- Apart from availability of beds in NHS there are other factors too that effects the flow of patients. Often it has seen that due to lack of coordination patients are dissatisfied about the service. In order to keep the satisfaction level of the patients intact, the operation management tries to make the process of enquiry handling as simple as possible. Complexity of admission process often irritates patients (Anon, 2018). Drug supply: Operation management at NHS tactfully coordinates with the supply management team to keep a check about the medicines, inventories and other service products like medical machines, oxygen cylinders etc. Thus, the operations monitors the availability of drugs and medicines so that the patients can be kept contended (Dobrzykowski Tarafdar 2015, pp.201-214). Medical documentation: The operations ensures that the all the medical documents of all the patients admitted and diagnosed at NHS have a proper medical record that can be produced by the hospital at times of need. That is, apart from the hard copies that is provided by the hospital to the patients, separate soft copies are also maintained by the hospitals and are monitored by the operations. Impact of operation management on information flow: Operation management ensures that the flow of the information from hospital authorities to the customers or patients, from patients to the doctors and from doctors to the patients is kept simple. Patients always appreciate simple processes. At NHS, while booking the appointment the receptionist enquires about the department that the patient wishes to visit. At the time of appointment the receptionist crosschecks the patients data and the patient is directly forwarded to the concerned department. There is no in between process. After a thorough checkup the prescription is right away handed to the patients and if there is any need of diagnosis, the patients consent is taken. Patients are free to get the diagnosis done either at NHS or at any other place. Supply chain in the context of healthcare sector mainly coordinates with three basic features. The producers, the purchasers and the providers in an healthcare organization. Supply chain in an organization generally means the entire process that deals with the production of medicines, vacancy created in the inventory, the logistic etc. All these departments together incorporates supply management in healthcare centers. Though, it has been observed that the operations at NHS does the utmost in the context of supply chain. Yet there are a few grounds that if looked after, the healthcare center can perform better. Operations team at NHS can incorporate demand driven models of business that would help the organization to analyze the medicines and the other inventories that are most demanded by the public (Bahmani-Firouzi Azizipanah-Abarghooee 2014, pp.42-54). That is, by evaluating the diseased and its corresponding medicines according to the age group of the patients, the operation management would be able to chalk out charts about the medicines that are in demand all over the year, medicines that have a seasonal demand like pneumonia, other medicines that are demanded all round the year but not in surplus. By adopting this strategy, the operations at NHS would not only save much amount of hospital capital but at the same time would also save the medicines and other inventories from being expired and wasted. Once the operation management are able to figure out the demand of medicines and inventories, it becomes easier for the department to place orders. That is, the operations department after analyzing the trend of medicines needed in specific times, can place the order just with letting know the concerned authorities in the hospital. The operation would not need to wait for a long time in order to get informed by the sources about the need of certain medicines and quantity and thereby placing orders. Thus, the operations at NHS can place the order beforehand which further benefits the organization with timely receiving of the orders. Operations management at NHS are faced with a number of issues in everyday business. Listed below are a few issues faced by the operation management and the possible solutions to the issues. Hospital productivity and corresponding monetary challenges: Maintenance of quality is a segment that is invested upon in huge amount by NHS in order to remain competitive. Also at the same time, patient flow is not good at all the time of the year (Shirley, 2016). The hospital capitals that are invested upon for the maintenance of quality like buying thebest inventories like medicines, Ordering the latest technological machines, using disinfectants in generous amount etc in the context of internal department. NHS also spends a major part of its capital in hiring the best doctors, trained nurses and experienced hospital and administrative staffs that would help to benefit the health care organization with best treatment. Therefore, it is needless to assert that the investments made by the healthcare organization are huge (Ginter, 2018). The revenue is generated through the patients. Lack of patient flow harms the inflow of cash in the organization. In order to overcome the situation, the operation management can announce attractive offers on lean season (Monczka et al., 2018). For example, the management can announce an offer of full check up in half of the price. Resultantly, a number of patients would come to the hospital and the management would be getting an opportunity to showcase the skills and talent. Apart from that, the cordial hospitality at the same time would also help the hospital to fetch in new patients. It has been noticed that due to excessive work pressure or due to negligence at times the customers or the patients are not given prime importance. To meet the rush of the patients, many a time it happen that the patients requirements are skipped. Quite obviously, it makes a negative impression on the service that is provided by NHS healthcare and this at the same time also results in the degradation of the customer base of NHS (Dobrzykowski et al., 2014, pp.514-530). In order to mitigate the issue, operations department can recruit more staffs on contract basis. Operations must recruit staffs on contract basis to meet the rush of patients during epidemic or diseases based on season, like sunstroke during summers. Contract basis administrative staffs would ensure that the capital of the organization is not wasted in lean season when the healthcare centers receive comparatively less rush of patients. Thus, the capital would also be saved. Apart from that, it is also imperative that the customer service section of NHS takes feedback from the patients in detail. The factors like if the if the patient is willing to recommend the health care center and the staff to other friends or relatives also matters a lot to NHS. Customers positive review and recommendation are the priorities that must be endured by the healthcare centre staffs and management (Mohammadi, Soleymani Mozafari, 2014, pp.525-535). The operations team at NHS must also ensure that concerned departments must take feedbacks over phone and over online portal. Operations at NHS endures he negative feedback, that is the grudges and complaints of the customers as well. The operation managers take the negative comments in an optimistic manner. NHS operation management team feels that complaints are the only way to understand and find out the loopholes present within the organization. Taking immediate action over the complaints by the patients not only satisfies the patients and makes a string and loyal customer base, but also at the same time, it ensures that the healthcare centre is marching forward towards perfection. Hospital security and Safety maintenance: In this era crime knows no bound. The operation management team at NHS in order to combat with crime like infant abduction, theft, misusing drugs, overdoes of drugs, theft of drugs and patient wanderings need to make sure that all the healthcare branches of NHS have a proper security system. With the benefit of globalization, some bane has also crept in. Perhaps safety and security in health care centers are one of the deadliest banes of globalization. With the advent of better communication system while on one hand it has enabled patients from different parts of the world to avail the best treatment and best care, on the other hand, people misuse the same (Christopher, 2016 ). Safety maintenance of patients is very closely related with the hospital security. The better is the security system of an organization, the more secured are the patients in the healthcare center (Jacobs, Chase and Lummus, 2014). Operation management at NHS must make the utmost use of technology to combat these deadly crimes. NHS can make the use of high intensity security cameras, alarms that are centrally aligned and can scan all the visitors including patients while entering healthcare center premises. It must be ensured by operation management that once the fame and integrity of NHS is harmed, it would take a long time to build it up again. In order to stay in the safe zone, it would be better to take prior measures regarding the safety of the organization as well as the patients. Conclusion In the concluding portion, it can thus be asserted that operation management plays a crucial part in all business sectors. In the context of the assignment, it can be said that operation management is perhaps the pivot upon which the entire organization revolves around. The most important functions of the operation department at NHS are discussed. Apart from that, the assignment also sheds light upon the importance of operation management in the context of work process and information flow. A reading of the work would help the reader to understand how operations deal with supply chain and inventory in NHS. Reference List Anon (2018)NHS continuing healthcare - NHS.UK. [Online] Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/social-care-and-support/nhs-continuing-care/ (accessed 12/ 04/ 18). Bahmani-Firouzi, B. Azizipanah-Abarghooee, R., 2014. Optimal sizing of battery energy storage for micro-grid operation management using a new improved bat algorithm.International Journal of Electrical Power Energy Systems,56, pp.42-54. Christopher, M., 2016.Logistics supply chain management. Pearson UK. Dobrzykowski, D., Deilami, V.S., Hong, P. Kim, S.C., 2014. A structured analysis of operations and supply chain management research in healthcare (19822011).International Journal of Production Economics,147, pp.514-530. Dobrzykowski, D.D. Tarafdar, M., 2015. Understanding information exchange in healthcare operations: Evidence from hospitals and patients.Journal of Operations Management,36, pp.201-214. Ginter, P.M., 2018.The strategic management of health care organizations. John Wiley Sons. Gopee, N. Galloway, J., 2017.Leadership and management in healthcare. Sage. Jacobs, F.R., Chase, R.B. Lummus, R.R., 2014.Operations and supply chain management(pp. 533-535). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Mohammadi, S., Soleymani, S. Mozafari, B., 2014. Scenario-based stochastic operation management of microgrid including wind, photovoltaic, micro-turbine, fuel cell and energy storage devices.International Journal of Electrical Power Energy Systems,54, pp.525-535. Monczka, R.M., Handfield, R.B., Giunipero, L.C. Patterson, J.L., 2015.Purchasing and supply chain management. Cengage Learning. Parisio, A., Rikos, E. Glielmo, L., 2016. Stochastic model predictive control for economic/environmental operation management of microgrids: An experimental case study.Journal of Process Control,43, pp.24-37. Shirley, D., 2016.Project management for healthcare. CRC Press.

The Murders in the Rue Morgue Essay Example For Students

The Murders in the Rue Morgue Essay In Edgar Allen Poes short story, The Murders in the Rue Morgue, a classic detective story is played out in a seedy Paris suburb. The story begins as the narrator meets Monsieur C. Auguste Dupin, a poor but well-read young man. As they become close friends, they live together in seclusion, departing only briefly each evening to take introspective strolls along the dark Paris streets. Soon both the reader and the narrator begin to see Dupins intimate knowledge of the human mind, always an underlying element in Poes prose. Dupins extraordinary observances are made by retracing a course of human thought until an endpoint, the thought that is presently in the subjects head, is reached. With this still fresh in mind, Poe gives us a mystery taken right from the local Gazette, two recent murders with questionable motives and circumstances, the search for the murderer has proved futile. Poes stage is now set. The murders, of Madame and Mademoiselle LEspanaye are then related by a series of el even eyewitnesses, a diverse mix of occupation and culture. However, they concur on one point: all heard an indistinguishable voice (that of a foreigner) and one of an angered Frenchman at the scene of the crime. As the account of the last witness is registered, Dupin and the narrator decide to examine the apartment on the Rue Morgue for themselves. The Sherlock Holmes-like protagonist does not disappoint us. Dupin assures the narrator that he knows who the culprit is, and he is indeed awaiting his arrival. After collecting evidence and careful analysis, Dupin seems to have solved the murder beyond the shadow of a doubt. The strange circumstances lead Dupin to believe that the perpetrator could not have been human but of the animal kingdom. He cites an orangutan as the killer, an escapee from a careless owner. This accounts for the grotesque methods of murder and the foreign voice that is heard at the scene of the crime. The angry Frenchman witnesses mentioned was the apes owner, wh o discovered his pets plunder after it was too late. Dupin is correct in his accusation and places an ad in the Gazette for a found orangutan. The owner comes right to him, and the mystery is solved. We will write a custom essay on The Murders in the Rue Morgue specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The Murders in the Rue Morgue is a showcase of Poes amazing writing style, and the short story is full of rhetorical devices. Two literary devices that are evident are Poes creative use of point of view and gothic setting. The Murders in the Rue Morgue is told in the first person point of view, presumably Poes view, acting as a narrator. This point of view provides for a more intimate relation of the sordid tale, stating, I often dwelt meditatively upon the old philosophy of the Bi-Part Soul, and amused myself with the fancy of a double Dupin-the creative and the resolvent. (p. 4) Without this personal point of view, the reader would be oblivious to Dupins separate personalities. This up close and personal view of Dupin is known because of the first person narration. Another point of view is also useful. Monsieur Dupin solves the mystery and to do so, must take on an entirely new point of view, that of the criminal. Using this technique, Dupin delves into the mind of a careless Fren chman and his pet orangutan. Poe also incorporates a gothic setting into the story. The gothic setting is absolute. Located on the Rue Morgue-Death Street, the title foreshadows a catastrophe. The murder scene is a grotesque setting complete with hideously dismembered bodies and severed heads. The Paris suburb of Faubourg-St.Germain gives the mystery an aura of gloom and sets the stage for violence. The home of the pair is described as, a time-eaten and grotesque mansion, a style which suited the rather fantastic gloom of our common temper, long deserted through superstition into which we did not inquire, and tottering to its fall in a retired and desolate portion of the Faubourg St. Germain. (p.3) This description certainly echoes Poes inclination for gothic setting, and he even goes so far to use words like grotesque and gloom. Both of these literary devices help to create an atmosphere of suspense and help further Poes narrative. .u659e9ab4744733c13c448786e04fe89e , .u659e9ab4744733c13c448786e04fe89e .postImageUrl , .u659e9ab4744733c13c448786e04fe89e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u659e9ab4744733c13c448786e04fe89e , .u659e9ab4744733c13c448786e04fe89e:hover , .u659e9ab4744733c13c448786e04fe89e:visited , .u659e9ab4744733c13c448786e04fe89e:active { border:0!important; } .u659e9ab4744733c13c448786e04fe89e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u659e9ab4744733c13c448786e04fe89e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u659e9ab4744733c13c448786e04fe89e:active , .u659e9ab4744733c13c448786e04fe89e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u659e9ab4744733c13c448786e04fe89e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u659e9ab4744733c13c448786e04fe89e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u659e9ab4744733c13c448786e04fe89e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u659e9ab4744733c13c448786e04fe89e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u659e9ab4744733c13c448786e04fe89e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u659e9ab4744733c13c448786e04fe89e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u659e9ab4744733c13c448786e04fe89e .u659e9ab4744733c13c448786e04fe89e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u659e9ab4744733c13c448786e04fe89e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Breast Cancer EssayIn The Murders in the Rue Morgue, the reader can tell this is a Romantic story because of Poes emphasis on the connection between human imagination and the natural world and the journey into the complex world of human emotion. Dupin serves as a predecessor of Sherlock Holmes as he successfully solves a problem by projecting himself into the thinking process of the criminal. He is able to collect and sift evidence, to screen the important from the unimportant in the conflicting testimony of bewildered or dishonest witnesses. Like many Romantic protagonists, Dupin depends upon his intellect and imagination to produce success that applies to the natural wor ld. For example, Dupin states, that he failed in the solution of this mystery is by no means that matter for wonder which he supposes it; for, in truth, our friend the police chief is somewhat too cunning to be profound. In his wisdom is no underlying principle. (p. 35) Here, Dupin explains that the police chief could not solve the mystery because he did not use his imagination and emotion to find a connection to the natural world. Unlike Dupin, the police chief did not seek a natural world solution to a natural world problem. Poe also reveals a Romantic view as Dupin says, it is not our part as reasoners, to reject it on account of apparent impossibilities. It is only left for us to prove that these apparent impossibilities are, in reality, not such.(p. 23) Here, Dupin states that the human imagination cannot be limited by improbability when looking for solutions applying to the natural world, but must consider all possibilities, however improbable, until proven wrong. In other wor ds, imagination and emotion should not limit, but guide the natural world. Because of this apparent connection, The Murders in the Rue Morgue is a true reflection of Romanticism.

Free Essays on Mother Vs Father

Sociology Dr. Adkins Magazine advertising throughout the years Advertisements have always preyed upon a culture’s vulnerabilities and have either mitigated them or exploited them. This has been noticed through several sources of mass media; however, it is more detailed in periodicals like magazines. Throughout this essay there will be examples of how products have been advertised within the last fifty years in two popular magazines, Time and Newsweek. The advertisements in these popular magazines have in some fashion showed how advertisers present their products to our culture. Throughout the years Time and Newsweek have advertised several products ranging from cigarettes and cars all the way to watches. The process by which these products were advertised directly represents the culture of that time era. The first time era I reviewed was the 1950’s. There were several products advertised at that time; however, the products I have selected was two types of cars made by Pontiac. The first advertisement I noticed was in Newsweek. The technique the advertisers used emphasized family unity, and promoted a better deal for a lower price. The other advertisement I chose from Time emphasized that a Pontiac car can enhance your romance life by driving to â€Å"park† somewhere. The Pontiac advertisements I chose directly represent the behaviors and attitudes of that culture. The second time era I reviewed was the 1960’s. During this time era it seemed that advertising had shifted from magazines to television; however, there was still a large amount of advertisements. The products I chose for this time era was two brands of cigarettes. The first brand, Pall Mall, displayed in Time was presented to the audience in an unusual manner. Pall Mall decided to advertise directly to woman, especially the more modern woman. The second brand, Tareyton, advertised in Newsweek also advertised to the more modern woman. The fashion... Free Essays on Mother Vs Father Free Essays on Mother Vs Father Sociology Dr. Adkins Magazine advertising throughout the years Advertisements have always preyed upon a culture’s vulnerabilities and have either mitigated them or exploited them. This has been noticed through several sources of mass media; however, it is more detailed in periodicals like magazines. Throughout this essay there will be examples of how products have been advertised within the last fifty years in two popular magazines, Time and Newsweek. The advertisements in these popular magazines have in some fashion showed how advertisers present their products to our culture. Throughout the years Time and Newsweek have advertised several products ranging from cigarettes and cars all the way to watches. The process by which these products were advertised directly represents the culture of that time era. The first time era I reviewed was the 1950’s. There were several products advertised at that time; however, the products I have selected was two types of cars made by Pontiac. The first advertisement I noticed was in Newsweek. The technique the advertisers used emphasized family unity, and promoted a better deal for a lower price. The other advertisement I chose from Time emphasized that a Pontiac car can enhance your romance life by driving to â€Å"park† somewhere. The Pontiac advertisements I chose directly represent the behaviors and attitudes of that culture. The second time era I reviewed was the 1960’s. During this time era it seemed that advertising had shifted from magazines to television; however, there was still a large amount of advertisements. The products I chose for this time era was two brands of cigarettes. The first brand, Pall Mall, displayed in Time was presented to the audience in an unusual manner. Pall Mall decided to advertise directly to woman, especially the more modern woman. The second brand, Tareyton, advertised in Newsweek also advertised to the more modern woman. The fashion...

Uses of Electron Microscope Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

Uses of Electron Microscope - Essay Example The light microscope was invented in the 17th century from the Galilean telescope. Antony van Leeuwenhoek, a Dutchman developed one of the early microscopes which consisted of a powerful convex lens and an adjustable holder for the object being studied. This instrument had a magnifying power of 400x and protozoa, spermatozoa, bacteria and shape of the red blood cells were discovered by Leeuwenhoek (FEI company, 2008). This microscope had only one lens and was called a single microscope. An improvement on this was compound microscope wherein another convex lens was added to magnify the image produced by the first lens. A modern light microscope has a magnification of as high as 1000x and thus enables resolution of objects separated by 0.0002mm (FEI Company, 2008). The resolving power of light microscope had 3 limiting factors: lenses, quality of lenses and the wavelength of light used for illumination. Some improvements in the light microscope were made using these aspects. Blue or ul traviolet light with shorter wavelength gave a small improvement. Further improvement in the resolution was noticed when the specimen and the front of the objective lens were immersed in a medium like oil with high refractive index (FEI Company, 2008). As early as the middle of 19th century, microscopists realized that structures less than half a micrometer could not be resolved with a light microscope. At the same time, researchers had hinted at the possibility of improvement in the resolution of the microscope using electrons rather than light. This is because accelerated electrons behave in a vacuum just like light, they travel in straight lines and have a wavelength which is about 100,000 times smaller than that of light.  

( pain Management) letter to my subject examiner Essay

( pain Management) letter to my subject examiner - Essay Example Pharmacologic Pain Interventions often alleviate pain symptoms by reviewing the prescription. However, this part of treatment is temporary and is concerned with reducing the pain rather than curing it to the core in the long run. Moreover, there are some major constraints in Pharmacologic Pain Intervention that include inadequate knowledge of nurses, little support from doctors and patient’s approval. In our last meeting, we had a thorough discussion on the topic that really helped me in gaining clear insights of the subject. Your insights offered a clear understanding along with making me think at a different and broad level. I personally believe that Pharmacologic Pain Interventions is a serious issue in the pain management, both acute and chronic. It requires specific knowledge and understanding along with a sense of ethics. There is no doubt that your guidance helped me in gaining multiple perspectives of the subject matter and with your due permission, I would like to explore the knowledge and understanding of nurses on Pharmacologic Pain Interventions especially in Saudi Arabia. Few research papers have already been written pertaining to this issue and with this analysis, it would further help in understanding the core intricacies of pain management in an analytical and critical manner. Therefore, I need your permission to go ahead with the above mentioned thought. Lack of adequate knowledge is the biggest worry in Pharmacologic Pain Interventions as nurses often try to alleviate pain but with limited knowledge fail to do so in the long run (Kaki, Daghistani (2007). I personally believe that this assignment has a lot more to offer and underpin and with inadequate knowledge and training actins as serious threats, the concept of Pharmacologic Pain Interventions can be explored in a critical manner. All these points are based on the

Overview of Steven Pinkers Theories

Overview of Steven Pinkers Theories Introduction and brief biography Steven Pinker is a well-known psychologist who writes, researches and lectures on language and cognition. As well as being an experienced and widely published researcher in the academic field he is also well known to non-scientists for his easily accessible popular science books covering evolutionary psychology and language development. He is arguably responsible for bringing the complex field of cognitive psychology to the layperson and a short analysis of his work and ideas should provide insight into why he is so popular and successful both to academic and lay readers. Steven Pinker is Canadian American, born in 1954 and educated at McGill University and the Ivy League colleges of Cambridge, Massachusetts. His official biography describes him as an experimental psychologist, currently Harvard College Professor and Johnstone Family professor in the Department of Psychology (Pinker 2003). He is a teaching as well as research scientist and writes for the academic press and popular press as well as his own books. He credits his interest in science to a teenage present of science books on the mind (Pinker 2004b). In interviews Pinker is often self deprecating, indicating that scientists don’t always choose a specific field due to overwhelming interest, rather due to circumstance and being in the right place at the right time (Pinker 2004b). Despite being an immensely successful author with his most recent book being ranked at number 624 in the bestseller list of Amazon.com[1], he does not seek to either overawe or be condescending to the regular lay reader, instead treating them, in his own words, as an â€Å"old college room mate† and respecting their intelligence (Pinker 2004b). Pinker’s ideas and impact Pinker is often known for his debates with fellow scientists such as Steven Rose in which the nature versus nurture concept is discussed. Pinker is described as the leading spokesman for the view that we are made by nature as well as nurture (Appleyard 2007). Pinker is a firm believer that our genes dictate how we act our lives through the mind being the critical determiner of who survives and passes their genes on to their offspring; whereas Rose believes that all living systems are radically indeterminate and continually construct their own futures (Brockman 1998). One of the reasons for the controversy of Pinker’s ideas is the echoes of Nazism as, by saying that we are a product of our genes, it suggests that some are genetically programmed to be inferior to others. Pinker addresses the idea that humans develop purely based on their experiences in the book The Blank Slate, thus called because of the common belief that the mind is a blank slate and the way a person develops is purely a product of culture and socialisation (Rakoff 2002). He points out that anyone having children can see that they are born with identities and the fact that children are affected by upbringing is not proof of causation, rather being merely correlation. However he is also able to argue the other side, as it were, when he explains that, whilst genes can have something to do with behaviour, the study of behavioural genetics is, in his words, ‘a paradox’ (Pinker 2003). In particular the influence of culture will affect many lifestyle choices, with serious effects on development. He exhorts everyone to ‘try to reach the best point in the range [of temperament and talent]’ (Pinker 2003). He protests that the biology of consciousness offers a bette r explanation for how people ‘work’ than the existence of an, un provable in his view, immortal soul (Pinker 2007a). He suggests that we all develop as a product of our brains, and other people have similar brains so all have a similar capacity. He further develops his view by stating that the soul is in fact the information-processing activity of the brain and that all emotion can be tied to specific neural activity (Pinker 2004a). This is a controversial view as many philosophers and sociologists would not like to believe that our freedom of thought is not in fact freedom at all, rather an automatic response from our genes. One of Pinker’s key ideas is his words / rules account of language in which he suggests that there is a contrast between the regular and irregular inflection of words and this is due to there being 2 distinct computational mechanisms for the processing of these words (Berent, Pinker Shimron 2002). He set this out in his oft cited[2] piece entitled Rules of Language published in 1991 in the journal Science (Pinker 1991). The language processing of the brain was described as modular and independent of real-world meaning suggesting a genetic basis to the development of language, presumably because logically language would only be processed in connection with the meaning of that language. Pinker has more recently written about human nature in a wider context than language. One such example is where he explains that romantic love has a paradoxical logic, where in fact there is not a neat matching of mates according to the rules of shopping – eg matching purely on the grounds of features and quality (Pinker 2008). He also commends other people on their influence, with one such account being his 2007 commendation of Paul Allen’s contribution to the scientific world (Pinker 2007b). An individual must be well respected and influential in his own right to be asked to comment upon the influence of others. However he has been subject to controversy, with people suggesting that his book The Blank Slate denies the existence of sex discrimination. However he defends his position, indicating that he has merely shown empirical evidence about the differences in talents, temperaments and life priorities between men and women (Pinker 2006). He describes how he lost sleep over the gender chapter yet also points out that in the first 2 years post publication no one had any problem with that chapter (Quixote 2006). It was only later that Pinker’s work was used out of context by Larry Summers, then president of Harvard University, who said that innate [genetic] differences were the reason why fewer women succeeded in maths and science (Bombardieri 2005). Thus the message of the book reached a greater audience, but the audience misconstrued what had been said originally. He often has to defend his work, or clarify it to others who misinterpret e.g. (Pinker, Ullman 2003, Pinker, Ullman 2002) and the much longer opinion article (Pinker, Ullman 2002). No doubt, though, if a researcher or author has to defend their work it means that others are noting what they say enough to criticise, and then publishers care enough to seek the rejoinders. It is possible to obtain impact factor trend graphs for published articles. This provides an indication of the journal’s relative impact, thus the consequent impact that the article within that journal may have. Analysis of the 3 most cited articles from Pinker provides the data for table 1 below. Obviously the most cited articles are older but the journals in which the articles are published have high impact. Table 1 An analysis of the journal impact and number of times cited for the 3 most popular Pinker articles[3] In a profile published last year the Sunday Times refer to Pinker’s ideas as ‘incendiary’ and describe him as a global science celebrity (Appleyard 2007). Despite the possible Nazism connotations that could be attributed to his ideas, there is also a clear logic to the brain containing the blueprint to our development. If there are genes that decide our hair colour and skin colour then why not other features? No one would deny that genetic malfunctions such as occur in Downs Syndrome clearly show the effect that defective genes can have from birth. Why should only defective genes be influential? Pinker says that it hard to judge his own influence, but that more people of more cultures and races are [now] open to the idea that biology can have some answers to human life and its workings (Quixote 2006). He also suggested the topic for the annual question for The Edge Foundation for 2006 as ‘My Dangerous Idea’. His account of his 2005 includes instances such as the Summers’ speech mentioned above, as well as other research which endeavoured to show that race and intelligence do not exist. The lasting influence of these ideas (and his own work and reputation) is that people perceive Pinker as propounding dangerous ideas that fuel bigotry (Brockman 2006). However bigotry isn’t created by the influence of one scientist. Pinker’s work may be used as evidence to support existing bigotry but support is not the same as initiation. References Appleyard, B. 2007, Steven Pinker knows what’s going on inside your head, October 14th 2007, The Times, London. Berent, I., Pinker, S. Shimron, J. 2002, The nature of regularity and irregularity: evidence from Hebrew nominal inflection, Journal of psycholinguistic research, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 459-502. Bombardieri, M. 2005, Summers remarks on women draw fire, January 17th 2005 edn, Boston Globe, Boston. Brockman, J. 2006, 01/01/2006-last update, Edge: The World Question Centre 2006 [Homepage of The Edge], [Online]. Available: http://www.edge.org/q2006/q06_3.html#pinker [accessed 30/10/2008] . Brockman, J. 1998, 25/03/1998-last update, Edge: PINKER VS. ROSE-A DEBATE (PART I) [Homepage of The Edge], [Online]. Available: http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/pinker_rose/pinker_rose_p1.html [accessed 30/10/2008] . Pinker, S. 2003, , Steven Pinker About- long biography [Homepage of Harvard University], [Online]. Available: http://pinker.wjh.harvard.edu/about/longbio.html [accessed 30/10/2008] . Pinker, S. 2008, Crazy love, Time, vol. 171, no. 4, pp. 82-83. Pinker, S. 2007a, The mystery of consciousness, Time, vol. 169, no. 5, pp. 58-62, 65-6, 69-70. Pinker, S. 2007b, Time 100 scientists thinkers. Paul Allen, Time, vol. 169, no. 20, pp. 112. Pinker, S. 2006, The gender debate: science promises an honest investigation of the world, Nature, vol. 442, no. 7102, pp. 510. Pinker, S. 2004a, How to think about the mind, Newsweek, vol. 144, no. 13, pp. 78. Pinker, S. 2004b, Steven Pinker, Current biology : CB, vol. 14, no. 21, pp. R909. Pinker, S. 2003, Are your genes to blame?, Time, vol. 161, no. 3, pp. 98-100. Pinker, S. Bloom, P. 1990, Natural-Language and Natural-Selection, Behavioral and Brain Sciences, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 707-726. Pinker, S. Prince, A. 1988, On Language and Connectionism Analysis of a Parallel Distributed-Processing Model of Language-Acquisition, Cognition, vol. 28, no. 1-2, pp. 73-193. Pinker, S. Ullman, M. 2002, Combination and structure, not gradedness, is the issue, Trends in cognitive sciences, vol. 6, no. 11, pp. 472-474. Pinker, S. Ullman, M.T. 2003, Beyond one model per phenomenon, Trends in cognitive sciences, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 108-109. Pinker, S. Ullman, M.T. 2002, The past and future of the past tense, Trends in cognitive sciences, vol. 6, no. 11, pp. 456-463. Pinker, S. 1991, Rules of Language, Science, vol. 253, no. 5019, pp. 530-535. Quixote, D. 2006, July 4th 2006-last update, 10 questions for Steven Pinker [Homepage of Gene Expression], [Online]. Available: http://www.gnxp.com/blog/2006/07/10-questions-for-steven-pinker.php [accessed 30/10/2008] . Rakoff, D. 2002, Questions For Steven Pinker, 15th September 2002, The New York Times, Ney York. Tarr, M.J. Pinker, S. 1989, Mental Rotation and Orientation-Dependence in Shape-Recognition, Cognitive psychology, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 233-282. 1 [1] Data obtained from www.amazon.com at 09:20 on 30/10/2008 [2] 318 citations as at 30/10/2008. Data from ISI Web of Knowledge [3] Citation information obtain from ISI Web of Knowledge Journal Citation reports for social science journals on 30th October 2008 available at http://admin-apps.isiknowledge.com/JCR/JCR?RQ=HOME.

Comparison of the Iliad, the Odyssey, and the Aeneid

The ancient world literature is filled with epic tales of heroes and gods who go on perilous adventures to foreign lands and encounter many mythical beings along the way. These adventures usually teach a lesson or give insight as to the culture of the area and time period in which it was written. The Iliad, the Odyssey and the Aeneid are all similar epics in their adventures and their lessons. Throughout the literary works of the ancient world there are many reoccurring motifs such as: the role of the gods, the role of suffering, and the roll of fate.The role of the gods shows heavily in the literary works of this era through the god’s direct interference in mortal events. Within the Iliad Athena, who hates the Trojans, does not directly kill Hector but tricks him into facing Achilles which ultimately leads to his death. Thetis, the mother of Achilles, helps her son and the Greeks throughout their adventures in any way possible. Similarly in the Odyssey gods interfere with the mortals to show their own will over their lives. Although he could not kill Odysseys, Poseidon sent storms to delay him after he disrespected him and blinded his son.Hermes, however, actually assisted Odysseus on Circe’s island by warning him about her potions and giving him a means to protect himself. After Odysseus’ men slaughter the sun god Helios’ prized cattle, Zeus is asked to bring about a storm which destroys all Odysseus’ ships and kills all his men. In the Aeneid, Juno convinces Aeolus to unless a storm on Aeneas as he searches for a friendly harbor, because of her strong hatred for Trojans (Aeneas and his men are destined to destroy her beloved city of Carthage). Neptune senses this storm within his realm so he immediately calms the storm and essentially saves Aeneas.Another ally to Aeneas is his mother Venus who helps her son whenever she can. Although Venus and Juno are on completely different sides in the matter of the Trojans they both mak e sure Aeneas and Dido fall in love, for very different reasons. The reoccurring role of the gods essentially choosing sides in each battle shows that the people of this time very much competed in some respects to obtain the gods attention and bring them to be their allies. The role of suffering is also an obvious motif in the epics of the ancient era.In the Iliad, Achilles suffers the loss of his friend/cousin Patroclus which is the cause of his rage in battle. King Priam also mourns the loss of his son Hector, by the hand of great Achilles in battle, as well as not immediately having his body to provide him with a proper funeral. This motif unifies the Iliad and Odyssey as Odysseus suffers throughout the entire epic because he is being kept from his home, his wife Penelope, and his son Telemecus. Penelope is also suffering because she is without her husband, raising her son alone, and having to deal with suitors pursing her to remarry.Telemecus also suffers without his father. Aga in, the idea is reflected as Aeneas suffers initially because he lost in wife Creusa as they were fleeing Troy, as well as losing his home. Aeneas and Dido both suffer in their love story as they live together happily as lovers, but he is reminded by the gods that he has another purpose and must leave. To which such anguish is caused that Dido kills herself. Aeneas also suffers in that he is not ever able to see the fruits of his labors throughout his life.Each characters suffering serves a purpose whether it is to teach them a lesson or to change how they are living it ultimately presents them with some greater knowledge. Each account of suffering is because of family and love, so the role of suffering in these epics ties together the concept of how important family was to the ancient people. The role of fate is another extremely frequent motif appearing in this time period’s literature. For the Iliad, this appears when Achilles was destined to kill Hector in the Trojan War as was Hector destined to be killed by Achilles.The gods could not interfere with that final outcome. Achilles death had also been destined since he was born. The Odyssey follows in that Odysseus was destined to wander for 10 more years before returning home for his actions. Along the way, it was also destined that Odysseus would lose all his ships and men before he would return home. A third set of examples in fate lie within the Aeneid as fate destines that the Trojans will destroy the city of Carthage. The Trojans who fled will find their promised home land in Italy as designed by fate.Aeneas also lived after he faces the mighty Achilles because he is destined for another purpose, such as fulfilling the previous prophecies. In the end, fate is the ultimate authority and shows how the people of the time believed that not even the mightiest of their world could not compete with the predestination idea they also believed in. The reoccurring motifs of the role of the gods, the role o f suffering, and the roll of fate all give a strong insight as to what was important to the people of the culture and religion that were popular during the ancient era.The people were deeply superstitious in their polytheistic religion and their epics reflect these beliefs. Their heroes are all extremely similar in their character traits and their stories themes alike. All of the heroes go on adventures away from their families and encounter suffering because of their decisions. Each work acknowledges that the gods are mighty and do control their suffering to an extent, but cannot control fate. The Iliad, the Odyssey, and the Aeneid are all unified in that they possess some of the same motifs, as well as reflect the culture of the time period.

Behaviorism, Constructivism and ICTs for Education

Education nowadays is not what it used to be around 50 years ago. The introduction and development of technology has taken education to an entirely different level then it was previously. These innovative tools are covered under the broad category of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). There has been research work on development of theoretical models that can facilitate educational learning. These theories and more additional helpful tools have not only facilitated the gaining of education but also improved the quality of education system.Behaviorism and constructivism are two of these main revolutionary concepts in education. The three terms â€Å"behaviorism†, â€Å"constructivism† and â€Å"ICTs† would first be explained separately and then it would be seen that how they fall together in a picture and facilitate educational learning. Behaviorism Behaviorism is that school of thought which is of the opinion that it is learning process that inculc ates learning by the acquisitions of new behaviors in surrounding of environmental conditions.Behaviorists believe that learning does not regard any mental activities rather it can be achieved by behaviors which according to them are systematic and observable. They believe that the process of â€Å"conditioning† facilitates the acquisition of behavior which ultimately facilitates learning. Conditioning is categorized in classical and operant. Classical conditioning is the process in which the object is conditioned as such that it he would response in a specific manner to a certain stimulus. We see this often in educational setting in form of fear conditioning that children are so much fearful of failure in exams or tests.Operant conditioning is the conditioning in which a response to a stimulus is reinforced by either rewarding or punishment. This concept is also very much applicable in educational setting as we see teachers rewarding and punishing to get desired behavior fro m students (On Purpose Associates n. d. ). Constructivism Contrary to behaviorism is the school of though of constructivism. They are of the opinion that knowledge is a consequence of one’s personal experiences. According to constructivists, humans generate knowledge and formulate their own understanding model through reflection of their experiences.Human mentality makes sense of the experiences and therefore learning takes place when proper shape is given to these experiences in mentality. In educational setting, constructivism comes into play as it focuses on promotion of customized syllabus in accordance with student’s knowledge. This is achieved by giving students hand on problems. Apart from that, teachers conduct assessment in the form of assigning open ended questions to the students and conduct dialogues and debates amongst students which lead to the open mindedness of students.The students are therefore able to conceive and manipulate information in a better w ay (Bruner n. d. ). ICTs ICT is acronym of Information Communication Technology. The three words are very meaningful and together they form ICT which has been the pulse of the developmental changes in all fields in years behind. The concept is very vast but in short we can say that ICT comprises of all innovative tools of digital technology which has helped in all the fields to save, extract, communicate and interpret the information in a digital manner.This has been made possible by digital electronic aids such as computers, laptops, emails, robotic machines and many more. ICTs have enabled the people to come together and form intercultural and inter communal links to share ideas and experiences together. The ICTs have plenty scope and potential in education field. ICTs and its tools has facilitated education by coming up with tools and equipments that have improved both the earning and the teaching. ICTs focus is to create awareness in the students of the usage of computers and ot her technological devices that may enhance the acquisition of knowledge for them.Learning by Doing Learning by doing as the name suggests is the way that a person learns any action or activity by actually doing it himself. There is always a first time but that has first time has to be DONE as only then a person learns and is able to see where he is faulty and through this he can learn. The examples can be given simply as when the child is learning how to walk, the parents are there just to support him and keep him out of danger. It is the child himself who tries again and again and learns how to walk. Similarly, a more business oriented example can be that of starting a new business.The businessman approaches his business with his own ideas and therefore learns the business. The theories of behaviorism can come here that a person who will do an action comes across a negative consequence then he would still be learning and would avoid the repetition of the same incident again. Constr uctivism is applicable here to as they emphasize on experiences. When a person BEHAVES he does an activity i. e. he interacts with the environment and as a result conditioning takes place. This conditioning gives him an experience may it be good or bad.Through these behaviors and experiences he is able to formulate his own understanding model. Therefore this shows that both behaviorism and constructivism are active when a person is learning by doing (Engines for Education 2008). Role of ICTs, Behaviorism and Constructivism in Education The use of ICTs has promoted the teaching and learning and made it superior. If we just take computer as an example of educational technology we see that it has been devised for students and humans to address to their needs and problems. ICTs address to the problems of both students and teachers.Though the effects of the use of ICTs in schools and educational settings are good but we see that the facilities are inadequate. The effects of ICTs are good as they enable the students to use educational software through which they are able to get activity based learning in a better technologically equipped learning environment. This environment and educational software have given opportunities to the teachers to change their teaching ways and make it more comprehensive with the use of these tools. Effective teaching automatically ensures effective learning as well.These tools of educational technology have enabled the teachers and students to identify systematic problems and then discover systematic solutions for it. Constructivism school of thought complements educational technology. They say that students should be taken away from the standardized curriculum and their thinking skills need to be developed by experiential learning. If the students are given a proper educational environment which hold high relevance then they would interact with the environment to generate the desired experiences.These experiences take form of personal sets of meanings and information framework for a separate student. In educational setting, student gains knowledge either through interaction with environment or by the intervention of school in form of curriculum imposed on students. Usually the learning is resultant of mix of both these sources. Constructivism also focuses on bringing out prior knowledge of students out. Effective use of ICT by the students would give teachers an opportunity to know the prior knowledge of the students (Newhouse 2002).There are many different types of ICTs and tools which are helpful in educational setting and can explain how people learn through them and how teachers effectively use them for teaching. One example can be Interactive Whiteboards (IWBs). This device is operated with the help of a projector and a PC. This board is placed in the front center of the class and is connected to the PC and projector. Through equipments like keyboard, mouse, pencil and other devices students are able to ach ieve interaction with it.It facilitates the teacher to teach the whole class easily keeping in view the discipline of the class along with teaching. The research has proven that the introduction of IWBS have enhanced the thinking of the students, facilitated the teaching methods of teachers and therefore ultimately lead to effective learning (Newman n. d. ). We see that both Behaviorism and Constructivism do not apply similarly in every learning environment. It varies. In some environment which is behavior oriented and which requires high motivation level of people then we see that behaviorism is in action.Such environment has the need of people to be reinforced and requires there behavior to be aligned for efficient performance. In learning environment that promotes learning through experiences and acquisition of skills through interaction with environment, constructivism is in action. This rationale is well justified but usually we see that successful schools and educational setti ngs take both the approaches together along with ICTs. Conclusion Education has revolved with the development in technology. Tools of ICTs facilitate the acquisition of education.There have been many theories that have also supported educational cause. Two main theories are Behaviorism and Constructivism. They are both used contrary to each other. Behaviorism believes in learning through conditioning whereas Constructivism focuses on experiential learning. We see that these theories apply with the ICT tools and they result in effective learning and teaching system. References Bruner, J. n. d. , Constructivist Theory. Viewed July 15, 2010, retrieved from http://tip. psychology. org/bruner. html Engines for Education, 2008, Learning By Doing. Viewed July 15, 2010, retrieved from http://www.engines4ed. org/hyperbook/nodes/NODE-120-pg. html Newhouse, C. Paul 2002, Literature Review: The Impact of ICT on Learning and Teaching. Viewed July 15, 2010, retrieved from http://www. det. wa. edu . au/education/cmis/eval/downloads/pd/impactreview. pdf Newman, n. d. , Types of ICT: Interactive Whiteboards. Viewed July 15, 2010, retrieved from http://www. newman. ac. uk/Students_websites/~shugufta. nazir/typeict. htm On Purpose Associates, n. d. , About Learning: Behaviorism. Viewed July 15, 2010, retrieved from http://www. funderstanding. com/content/behaviorism

The Crime Control Model Is The Most Important Function Of...

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Some researchers believe that police could not impact crime but police are able to function by using traditional enforcement methods of arrest with the belief that they can impact individual crime patterns by arresting individuals. Some police departments primarily operated by rapid response policing, random patrol policing, and reactive investigations policing which in turn have displayed a failure to reduce and prevent crime. Data analysis that can directly impact and reduce crime such as the COMPSTAT conveys a transformation in policing embracing and incorporating some of the more effective strategies. By controlling serious crime police are better composed toShow MoreRelatedCrime Control Model And The Due Process Model1327 Words   |  6 PagesThere are two models of the criminal process. The two model of the criminal process are the crime control model and the due process model. Both of these models are bring used in the criminal justice system. 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